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8. Wind
8.1 Wind behavior at nozzles
The injected air (known as natural wind) brings the oxygen required for the combustion of carbon and auxiliary fuels to the nozzles. In addition to nitrogen and oxygen, the wind contains natural air humidity, around 8 to 10 g/Nm 3 , but this can vary depending on local conditions and the season. In addition, it is the vector for various materials that may be useful for blast furnace operation, and which are injected into the tuyeres: steam, oxygen, auxiliary fuels (coal, fuel oil, oils, natural gas, coke oven gas, biomass, etc.), powdered materials (fluxes, titanium oxides, iron oxides). The wind flow rate determines the combustion rate, and hence the hourly production of the blast furnace. Wind consumption is...
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Bibliography
Software tools
Fact Sage Integrated Data Base: thermodynamic database of mineral species; online tools for calculating reaction quantities, complex multiphase equilibria and phase diagrams:
http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factsage/fs_general.php
JANAF: thermodynamic data table for mineral species; online calculation...
Websites
Metallurgical Research and Technology: formerly Revue de Métallurgie; articles on cast iron production; online article summaries and abstracts; calendar of forthcoming conferences of interest to Metallurgy :
http://www.metallurgical-research.org/
ISIJ International: an open-access Japanese technical journal publishing...
Events
EUROPEAN STEEL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION DAYS (ESTAD)
International conferences organized every 2 years jointly by the 4 main European steel metallurgy federations; the conference includes several sessions on blast furnace ironmaking:
ICSTI (International Congress on Science...
Standards and norms
- Iron ores for blast furnace charges and direct reduction processes – Determination of cohesion and abrasion indices. - ISO 3271 :2015 -
- Iron ore for blast furnace charges – Determining reducibility from reduction speed. - ISO 4695 :2015 -
- Iron ore for blast furnace charges – Determination of disintegration indices by low-temperature reduction using the static method – Part 1: Reduction with CO, CO2, H2...
Directory
Engineering companies supplying equipment, instrumentation and technical solutions in the blast furnace sector; regular publication of technical magazines.
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