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9. Gas
9.1 Gas evolution in the blast furnace
The gas produced at the tuyeres at flame temperature (2,000-2,300°C) is continuously cooled down to throat temperature (100-150°C) as it rises, due to counter-current thermal and chemical exchanges with the charge. On average, the average residence time of the gas in the charge is of the order of 8 to 12 s, which, for a blast furnace with a useful height of 25 m (distance between tuyere and throat), corresponds to a velocity of the order of 2 to 4 m/s. Depending on loading conditions, the residence time of the gas at the center of the blast furnace may be lower, in the order of 4 to 5 s.
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Gas
Conclusion
Bibliography
Software tools
Fact Sage Integrated Data Base: thermodynamic database of mineral species; online tools for calculating reaction quantities, complex multiphase equilibria and phase diagrams:
http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factsage/fs_general.php
JANAF: thermodynamic data table for mineral species; online calculation...
Websites
Metallurgical Research and Technology: formerly Revue de Métallurgie; articles on cast iron production; online article summaries and abstracts; calendar of forthcoming conferences of interest to Metallurgy :
http://www.metallurgical-research.org/
ISIJ International: an open-access Japanese technical journal publishing...
Events
EUROPEAN STEEL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION DAYS (ESTAD)
International conferences organized every 2 years jointly by the 4 main European steel metallurgy federations; the conference includes several sessions on blast furnace ironmaking:
ICSTI (International Congress on Science...
Standards and norms
- Iron ores for blast furnace charges and direct reduction processes – Determination of cohesion and abrasion indices. - ISO 3271 :2015 -
- Iron ore for blast furnace charges – Determining reducibility from reduction speed. - ISO 4695 :2015 -
- Iron ore for blast furnace charges – Determination of disintegration indices by low-temperature reduction using the static method – Part 1: Reduction with CO, CO2, H2...
Directory
Engineering companies supplying equipment, instrumentation and technical solutions in the blast furnace sector; regular publication of technical magazines.
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