1. Shaping energy balance

In this section, we present and comment on the equations describing heat flow in a shaping operation.

1.1 Mechanical and thermal equations of plastic flow and consequences

First, let's take a look at the equations describing the variations in volume of the velocity vector and the temperature field.

In a fixed orthonormal frame of reference, plastic flow at an instant t is described by the velocity fieldu (x, t ) and the stress field

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Shaping energy balance