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1. Importance of the size and proportion of microstructures
1.1 Introduction to the properties of metallic grains
Metals are generally made up of a multitude of very small grains. Each grain occupies a polyhedral volume, and is in contact with its neighbors via a surface called the grain boundary. It consists of a single crystal whose orientation varies from grain to grain. If the structure and composition of all the grains are identical, the metal is said to be single-phase. If it is made up of grains of two different structures and/or compositions, it is said to be two-phase (figure 1 ), and in the case of three structures and/or compositions, three-phase. Beyond that, the metal is said to be polyphase.
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Importance of the size and proportion of microstructures
Measurement in the plane
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Steels – Micrographic determination of apparent grain size - NF EN ISO 643 - 2020
- Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size - ASTM E112-24 - 2024
- Steels – Metallographic characterization of duplex grain size and distribution - ISO 14250 - 2000
- Steels – Determining the content of non-metallic inclusions – Micrographic method using standard images - ISO 4967 - 2013
- Steel products –...
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