3. Production and consumption
Of the 10,617,000 tonnes of lead produced worldwide in 2012, 43% came from ore ("primary lead") and 57% from recycling ("secondary lead").
78% of this production was destined for the lead-acid battery market, in the form of alloys for grids or oxides for active materials (48% for starter batteries and 30% for stationary batteries).
The remainder of production was divided between sheaths for buried or submarine cables, construction, nuclear power, the chemical industry and munitions (source: ILZSG).
The alloys used in these different applications are discussed in
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Studies and properties of metals
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Production and consumption
Bibliography
Websites
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium
Batteries International
http://www.batteriesinternational.com
Lead and Alloys Trade Association (CSPA)
Standards
France/Europe
- Plomb et alliages de plomb-Plomb. - NF EN 12659 - 11.99
- Plomb et alliages de plomb-Feuilles de plomb laminé pour le bâtiment. - NF EN 12588 - 04.07
- Plomb et alliages de plomb-Lingots en alliage de plomb pour gaines et manchons de câbles électriques. - NF EN 12548 - 11.99
- Plomb et alliages de plomb-gaines et manchons en plomb et alliage de plomb des câbles électriques....
Regulations
Articles R. 4412-156 to 160 of the French Labor Code "Special health and safety provisions applicable to workers exposed to lead in the course of their work".
Directory
France
Laminated lead information center :
ZI le bois Chevalier
60190 ESTREES SAINT DENIS
International
International Lead Association
17a Welbeck Way
London...
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference