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3. Hardening mechanisms
Since plastic deformation occurs mainly through dislocations sliding on a crystalline plane, alloy hardening, i.e. the increase in yield strength, is achieved by creating obstacles to this displacement. The alloy's chemical composition and microstructure are adjusted to obtain the stress level required by the intended applications. Grain size, elements in solid solution and precipitates are the main levers for varying the yield strength of steels.
3.1 Grain size effect hardening
Numerous tests have demonstrated that the yield strength of a metal alloy increases with decreasing grain size.
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Hardening mechanisms
Plastic deformation and work hardening
Bibliography
Websites
Bureau de Normalisation des Aciers (BN Aciers) website
http://www.acier.org/menu-left/normalisation.html (pages consulted in January 2016)
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
French Steel Federation (FFA)
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