Overview
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ABSTRACT
EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) in a scanning electron microscope has recently become a widely used technique, especially in metallurgy for the simultaneous characterization of the local microstructure and crystallographic texture of polycrystalline materials. It provides access not only to orientation cartographies but also to phase cartographies. In addition, it allows for assessing elastic and plastic deformations, as well as the energy stored in the grains during deformation
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Thierry BAUDIN: Engineer from INSA Lyon, Doctor in Materials Science and Engineering from École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris - CNRS Research Director, Orsay Institute of Molecular and Materials Chemistry, Paris-Sud 11 University
INTRODUCTION
Several methods can be used to measure local orientations within a microstructure. But one of them has become a widespread tool in both academic and industrial laboratories: Electron BackScattered Diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Since the 1990s, with a fully computerized version, we can now measure orientation maps (reconstruction of the microstructure from crystallographic orientation measurements) and phases.
In addition to the crystallographic texture itself, these mappings can be used to access a wealth of other data, such as the distribution of grain boundaries, intragranular orientation gradients, etc. This makes it much easier to analyze deformation structures, recrystallization, phase transformation and grain growth.
Texture analysis can be local, but also global, i.e. comparable to that estimated by X-ray or neutron diffraction, provided a sufficient number of grains are considered.
The quality of diffraction patterns is important, as they can be an indicator of the material's work hardening and a means of estimating the fraction of dislocation-free grains in a partially recrystallized material. A detailed analysis of these patterns provides access to the measurement of elastic and plastic deformations.
An introduction to EBSD, its possibilities and examples of results obtained on metallic materials can be found in this article and its companion :
It presents examples of results obtained in a number of studies of recrystallization and grain growth in metallic materials. For these same areas of research, it also shows the value of coupling EBSD and simulation to gain a better understanding of the microstructural mechanisms involved. Finally, the estimation of global texture, as well as elastic and plastic deformations, are also addressed.
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Studies and properties of metals
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EBSD analysis
Bibliography
Websites
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BLG productions for deformation analysis
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EDAX/TSL
http://www.edax.com/products/tsl.cfm with a bibliography on EBSD
Events
See the website of the Groupement national de microscopie électronique à balayage et de microanalyses http://mr.gnmeba.free.fr and the website of the Société française de métallurgie et de matériaux. http://www.sf2m.asso.fr
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