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1. Observation of seismic site effects
The seismic wave generated by faults propagates through the earth's crust. It attenuates as it travels, particularly as its energy is spread over a larger surface area.
Depending on the configuration and physical nature of the surface medium, it can be locally modified: amplified or reduced (de-amplified) in amplitude, frequency and duration.
1.1 Physical phenomena
An earthquake corresponds to the sudden rupture of a fault, which can be more than 500 km long, over an area of more than 10,000 km 2 , and with a differential displacement along the fault of up to several meters.
Rupture along the fault leads to several physical phenomena that can be classified as follows...
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Soil mechanics and geotechnics
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Observation of seismic site effects
Soil behavior under cyclic loading
Bibliography
Software tools
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Cyberquake – This software models the response of soils to seismic shocks.
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Code-Aster – This is a free software package for numerical simulation of structural mechanics.
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Standards and norms
- Calcul des structures pour leur résistance au séisme. Partie 5 : Fondations, ouvrages de soutènements et aspects géotechnique. - NF EN 1998-5 AFNOR - septembre 2005
Regulations
Decree no. 2010-1254 of October 22, 2010 on seismic risk prevention.
Décret n° 2010-1255 du 22 octobre 2010 portant délimitation des zones de sismicité du territoire français.
Arrêté du 22 octobre 2010 relative à la classification et aux règles de constructions parasismiques applicables aux bâtiments de la classe dite "à risque normal" (Order of October 22, 2010 on the classification...
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