Overview
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ABSTRACT
Modification of walls’ radiative properties with cool paints is a traditionally well-known passive cooling solution. Radiative properties of conventional cool selective materials allow limiting heat gains from solar radiation with a high albedo and to re-emit heat with a high thermal emissivity.
Standardization of these materials is reflected in different building design standards and recommendations for the limitation of urban heat islands. Numerous innovations on radiative properties are being developed with the prospect of developing new categories of thermochromic products.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Emmanuel BOZONNET: Senior lecturer - La Rochelle University, LaSIE UMR CNRS 7356 (France)
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Maxime DOYA: Project Manager - TIPEE, Lagord (France)
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Christian INARD: Professor - La Rochelle University, LaSIE UMR CNRS 7356 (France)
INTRODUCTION
The need for air-conditioning in residential areas is increasing, not only because of global warming, but also because of a combination of phenomena linked to building design and occupants: urban heat islands (UHIs), the growing accessibility of air-conditioning systems for the majority of people, the increasing frequency of heatwaves and the growing needs of vulnerable populations.
With an average residential air-conditioning growth scenario of 750% by 2050, the radiative treatment of building envelopes represents an important part of the solutions for passive cooling or for mitigating the energy requirements of active systems.
This radiative treatment of envelope elements aims to control summer solar gain on façades or roofs directly exposed to the sun. We describe here the use of materials with so-called "cold-selective" surface properties. These materials, which include traditional products used since antiquity, are now characterized by standardized protocols for assessing their performance (e.g. for "cool roof" products) and standards that are more or less well integrated into thermal or environmental regulations.
This article explains the mechanisms and standards involved in these cold selective product techniques. Numerous documented reference cases have highlighted the potential benefits for building design, but also for limiting global warming and local heat islands.
Recent developments in new surface treatment techniques have opened up numerous avenues for significantly increasing the passive cooling potential of buildings and the urban environment. These innovative techniques hold great promise for adapting to climate change, thanks to their potential for use on facades and roofs in dense urban environments. Cool colored products, retroreflectives, electrochromes, thermochromes, fluorescents and many other alternatives and combinations are discussed here.
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
urban heat island | passive cooling | radiative properties
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Radiative properties of buildings for passive cooling
Bibliography
- (1) - YUAN (J.), FARNHAM (C.), EMURA (K.) - Development of a retro-reflective material as building coating and evaluation on albedo of urban canyons and building heat loads, - Energy and Buildings. 103 107-117 (2015). doi: https://doi.org/ .
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Websites
Heatwave – Risks – prevention of major risks
https://www.gouvernement.fr/risques/canicule
European Cool Roof Council (ECRC)
Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)
Standards and norms
- Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers - ASTM C1371-15 - 2015
- Standard Practice for Laboratory Soiling and Weathering of Roofing Materials to Simulate Effects of Natural Exposure on Solar Reflectance...
https://doi.org/10.1520/C1371-15 .
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