3. Free-space transmissions

Infrared transmissions at very short distances (under 10 m), which have been around since the 1970s, represent one of the main applications of free-space optical communications. Unlike guided transmissions, free space enables non-directional links (point-to-multipoint links).

Examples

• Non-directive free-space optical transmissions: the first infrared remote control for TV sets in the 1970s, or HiFi remote control.

• For directional transmissions, it was necessary to turn to much more professional applications at the end of the 1990s: inter-satellite or inter-building optical links for the creation of wide-area local networks.

In the case of long-distance communications, the greatest difficulty encountered by optical (and electromagnetic) devices lies in the fact...

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Free-space transmissions

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General conclusion

Bibliography

(1) - CHARTIER (G.) - Manuel d'optique. - Éditions Hermès (1997).
(2) - SMITH (W.J.) - Modern optical engineering. - McGraw-Hill (1990).
(3) - KASTLER...

Websites

Internet database on developments in plastic optical fibers http://www.kdpof.com/

IEEE Organization http://www.ieee.org/

Fiber optic manufacturers' websites :

– Corning

Events

OFC – Optical Fiber Conference http://www.ofcconference.org/en-us/home/

Photonics West – SPIE Optical fibre conference http://spie.org/photonics-west.xml

Avionics Fiber Optics Conference – IEEE Photonics Society...

Standards and norms

Ethernet Working Group – Glass and Plastic Optical Fiber - IEEE 802.3 -
Acoustique : méthode de calcul du niveau d'isotonie - ISO 532 1975 - 1975
Tuiles en terre cuite pour pose en discontinu. Détermination des caractéristiques physiques. Partie 1 : essai d'imperméabilité - NF EN 539-1 AFNOR - 1994