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ABSTRACT
This article provides an up-to-date view of the best-performing magnetocaloric materials and their applications. Their manufacturing processes are presented, and their main applications are considered. Key performance indicators that drive the choice of a given material are discussed. Ashby plots of relevant properties point to three promising families of compounds: the manganites, the La(Fe, Si)13 - type compounds and the Mn2 xFex(P1 ySiy) pnictides. The last part concerns the manufacturing processes for La(Fe, Si)13 and MnFe(P, Si)-type materials. The beneficial input from rapid cooling and reactive sintering is discussed. The “epoxy binding” process, which enhances heat transfer between the material and the exchange fluid is presented.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Charlotte MAYER: Research and Development Engineer - Erasteel, Paris, France
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Salvatore MIRAGLIA: CNRS researcher - Materials, Radiation, Structure research team - Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
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Stéphane GORSSE: Senior Lecturer - National School of Chemistry, Biology and Physics (ENSCBP) - Bordeaux Polytechnic Institute (Bordeaux INP) - Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry (ICMB-CNRS), Pessac, France
INTRODUCTION
The magnetocaloric effect describes the change in temperature of a magnetic substance in response to the application or removal of a magnetic field. Its discovery is attributed to Warburg in 1881. For some materials, this effect is large enough to be exploited in magnetic refrigeration systems around room temperature. In this case, the thermodynamic cycle of compression/expansion of the refrigerant gas used in conventional systems is replaced by a thermomagnetic cycle of magnetization/demagnetization of a magnetocaloric-effect material, which acts as the refrigerant. In recent years, magnetic refrigeration has attracted growing interest as a more efficient and less polluting alternative to conventional cold production technologies. With recent advances in material performance, magnetic refrigeration has reached a level of maturity that makes it possible to integrate this technology into an operational system.
This article summarizes the state of the art, with the aim of providing an up-to-date, focused vision of the best-performing magnetocaloric materials that are closest to applications, with an overall analysis of the processes and industrial performances that can be expected today.
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KEYWORDS
manufacturing process | rapid cooling | reactive sintering | performant magnetocaloric materials
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Characterization and properties of matter
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Magnetocaloric materials
The magnetocaloric effect and its applications
Bibliography
Patents
Article for magnetic heat exchange and method of manufacturing the same WO2008/099234
Method for manufacturing a magnetocaloric element, and magnetocaloric element thus obtained WO2013/135908
High porosity particulate beds structurally stabilized by epoxy WO 2015038355 A1.
Directory
Laboratories involved in magnetocaloric materials research:
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Turin, Italy
IMEM-CNR, Parma Italy
University of Genoa, Italy
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