Overview
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ABSTRACT
Ionic liquids belong to a novel class of solvents, whose properties permit chemical conversions that cannot easily be performed in classical solvents. This article deals with electrochemical applications of these new solvents. The properties of ionic liquids are reviewed, and several practical examples are discussed, e.g. the synthesis of reductive metals, electro-depositions, energy-related applications, electro-analytical processes, nuclear applications and processes related to nanomaterials. Some recommendations are made that will serve as a guide for the reader who would like to use ionic liquids either to modify an existing process or to design a new one.
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André RAHIER: Doctorate in Applied Electrochemistry - Independent researcher, Wonck, Belgium
INTRODUCTION
Ionic liquids form a new class of solvents. They are salts melted at temperatures below 100°C. They have many interesting physico-chemical properties, and are used in many cutting-edge fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy and many others. This article deals specifically with applications involving electrochemical techniques and concepts in the broadest sense: corrosion, energy, electrodeposition, electrosynthesis and analytical electrochemistry. The sheer number of applications in these sectors makes it impossible to cover all practical cases exhaustively. Similarly, several thousand ionic liquids have already been the subject of various studies and, theoretically, several million more could be synthesized. For these reasons, we have adopted an approach that consists of reviewing the essential properties of these new reaction media, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of ionic liquids compared with more common solvents, dealing with examples that show what compromises have to be accepted in order to make the most of particular properties, and finally providing the reader with a bibliography, also not exhaustive, but which will serve as a starting point for delving deeper into one particular aspect or another. Properties examined include electrical conductivity, viscosity, melting, decomposition and glass transition temperatures, electroactivity range, density and surface tension.
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KEYWORDS
ionic liquid | solvents | molten salts | electrochemical applications
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Ionic liquid applications in electrochemistry
Bibliography
Websites
NIST physico-chemical database http://ilthermo.boulder.nist.gov/
ChemFiles brochure, vol. 5, no. 6, Sigma Aldrich https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Aldrich/Brochure/al_chemfile_v5_n6.pdf
...Patents
ABBOTT Andrew P., DAVIES David L., CAPPER Glen, RASHEED Raymond K., TAMBYRAJAH Vasuki. – Ionic Liquids and their Use. US Patent App. n° US7196221B2, PCT/GB2001/004306 (2007)
ABBOTT Andrew P., DAVIES David L., CAPPER Glen, RASHEED Raymond K., TAMBYRAJAH Vasuki. – Ionic Liquids and their Use as Solvent. US Patent App. n° US7183433B2, PCT/GB2001/004300 (2007)
ABBOTT Andrew P., DAVIES...
Directory
Ionic Liquid Technologies GmbH (IoLiTec), Salzstrasse 184, D-74076 Heilbronn, Germany. Research, development and consulting company in the field of ionic liquids. http://www.iolitec.de/en/
Sigma-Aldrich NV/SA, Pegasuslaan 5, 1831 Diegem (Belgium). Supplier of ionic liquids for laboratories and industry
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