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3. Conclusion
Mineral oil, which is a non-renewable resource and therefore likely to run out in the future, is still widely used as a liquid insulator in many applications, thanks to its dielectric properties and low cost. However, the trend for the future is to replace it with "green" renewable liquids in all possible applications. This is the case for transformers (traction, distribution), where mineral oil can be advantageously replaced by vegetable oil (or a synthetic organic ester). What's more, if the risk of fire is considered unacceptable, only these liquids can be used (class K). Silicone oil is also class K, but is only slightly biodegradable. Numerous studies are underway to validate the use of these "green" liquids for power transformers.
Power cables impregnated with liquids (polyolephins, alkylbenzenes, etc.) are usually replaced by buried extruded polymer cables...
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Conclusion
Bibliography
Websites
European Union legislation : http://eur-lex.europa.eu
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) : http://www.iec.ch
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) :
...
Events
International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL): tri-annual (2014, 2017, 2020,...).
Société Française d'Électrostatique conference: biennial (2016, 2018,...)
IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP): annual.
Electrical Engineering Symposium (EES), biennial (2016, 2018,...)
Standards and norms
The use of insulating liquids is governed by international and/or national standards. The main standards are listed below.
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
Publication number, date and title
- Power transformers – Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed transformers - CEI 60076-7 - 2005-12
- Electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Mineral oils
ESSO Imperial Oil (Canada) : https://www.mobil.com
Nynas AB (Sweden) : https://www.nynas.com
Aromatic hydrocarbons (Jarylec C101, Jarylec...
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