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ABSTRACT
Liquid dielectrics are used in numerous applications in electrotechnics, power electronics, etc. for diverse functions such as electrical insulation, cooling, elimination of partial discharges, etc. The dielectrics used must possess specific electrical, physical and chemical properties and present the lowest possible toxicity. No given liquid can present all the required properties, which are often conflicting. A compromise must therefore be found according to the application.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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André DENAT: Honorary Research Director, CNRS - Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory (G2Elab), Grenoble, France
INTRODUCTION
Liquid dielectrics are used in many applications (electrical engineering, power electronics, semiconductor industry, EDM machining, etc.) to perform a range of functions: electrical insulation, cooling, arc extinguishing, elimination of partial discharges, lubrication, and so on. For example, electrical and electronic equipment cannot operate without energy losses, which leads to a rise in the temperature of their constituent parts; this in turn necessitates cooling to achieve thermal equilibrium (resulting from the energy involved and the evacuation of losses), compatible with a normal service life for the equipment; liquids allow this, but must also ensure the electrical insulation of live conductors. Electrical insulation is very often provided in conjunction with solid insulating materials, in the form of impregnated insulation. Consequently, liquids must be compatible with solid insulators (paper, cardboard, polymers) as well as with construction materials (metals, plastics). The liquids used must therefore have specific electrical, physical and chemical properties, as well as the lowest possible toxicity to people and the environment. Obviously, a given liquid cannot have all the properties required, and these are often contradictory. So, depending on the application, and therefore its specifications, a compromise will have to be found.
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Characteristics of liquid dielectrics
Context
Bibliography
Websites
European Union legislation : http://eur-lex.europa.eu
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) : http://www.iec.ch
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) :
...
Events
International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL): tri-annual (2014, 2017, 2020,...).
Société Française d'Électrostatique conference: biennial (2016, 2018,...)
IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP): annual.
Electrical Engineering Symposium (EES), biennial (2016, 2018,...)
Standards and norms
The use of insulating liquids is governed by international and/or national standards. The main standards are listed below.
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
Publication number, date and title
- Power transformers – Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed transformers - CEI 60076-7 - 2005-12
- Electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Mineral oils
ESSO Imperial Oil (Canada) : https://www.mobil.com
Nynas AB (Sweden) : https://www.nynas.com
Aromatic hydrocarbons (Jarylec C101, Jarylec...
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