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2. Mechanisms involved in emulsification
Although the mechanisms of emulsification are not yet fully understood, we're a long way from the days when an anonymous apothecary claimed that emulsions should always be stirred counter-clockwise, discouraging his colleagues from recruiting left-handed assistants! Elementary emulsification processes involve at least two stages: the formation of relatively large droplets, including the initial formation of fluid films or cylinders and their break-up due to Rayleigh-Taylor and/or Kelvin-Helmholtz-type instabilities (§ 2.2.2 ), followed by the break-up of these droplets into smaller objects.
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Mechanisms involved in emulsification
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Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Compendium of French standards: surfactants, detergents, soaps. Paris – La Défense - AFNOR - 1986
- Measurement and characterization of particles by acoustic methods – Part 1: Concepts and procedures in ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy - ISO 20998-1 - 2006
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MALVERN INSTRUMENTS SA (zetametry, photon correlation particle sizing [PCS] and laser diffraction [SLS], image analysis) http://www.malvern.co.uk
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