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3. Physicochemical properties, toxic effects of TBT and regulatory implications
3.1 Physico-chemical properties
Tributyltin and its derivatives belong to the organotin family. Their general chemical formula is R
(n–1)
Sn X
n
(0 < n < 4), where R represents an alkyl or phenyl group and X an anionic group (halide, oxide, hydroxyl). The Sn covalent bond—C is stable at temperature, in the presence of water and oxygen. The nature of X influences physico-chemical properties, such as solubility in water and non-polar solvents. Solubility decreases with increasing number of organic substituents and carbon chain size
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Physicochemical properties, toxic effects of TBT and regulatory implications
Detection of TBT by the bioluminescent bacterium Escherichia coli TBT3
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Water quality – Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri (bioluminescent bacteria assay) – Part 3: method using freeze-dried bacteria (classification index: T90-320-3) - NF EN ISO 11348-3 - 02-99
- Soil quality – Determination of selected organotin compounds – Gas chromatography method - ISO 23161 - 2009
Regulations
Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Official Journal L327 of 22/12/2000) – Annex VIII.
IMO, 2005, Antifouling Systems. International Convention on the control of harmful antifouling System on Ships. International Maritime Organization. London.
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