Overview
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ABSTRACT
The filtration of nanoparticles using fibrous media is currently the most used process for such aerosol, both in terms of personal, collective and environmental protection. Questions, however, remain about the initial efficiency and evolution of their performance (efficiency and pressure drop) during clogging. In this article, special attention is paid to dust collection installations for which the regeneration of filter media clogged with nanoparticles is often deficient. As a result, solutions and alternative ways to fibrous media are proposed.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Dominique THOMAS: Professor - Reactions and Process Engineering Laboratory, CNRS, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Augustin CHARVET: Senior Lecturer - Reactions and Process Engineering Laboratory, CNRS, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Denis BEMER: Design Manager - Process Engineering Department, INRS, Vandoeuvre, France
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Sandrine CHAZELET: Design Manager - Process Engineering Department, INRS, Vandoeuvre, France
INTRODUCTION
The development of highly active manufactured nanoparticles has raised questions about the potential risk they may pose to human health and the environment, due to their specific properties (e.g. specific surface area, shape, charge, oxidizing potential, etc.).
A number of studies have been or are being carried out on the health and environmental effects of nanoparticles, but the nature of these particles is so varied that an exhaustive assessment seems illusory. In conclusion, given the lack of information on the harmfulness or otherwise of nanoparticles, the precautionary principle prevails. Effective risk prevention measures must therefore be implemented.
When it comes to protecting people and the environment, filtering air through a fibrous medium remains an essential process. This purification technique is discussed, with a particular focus on nanoparticle collection mechanisms and the evaluation of pressure drop and efficiency during clogging. Individual and collective protection with and without filter media regeneration is then presented. Literature studies and experience feedback highlight the high clogging power of nanoparticles, which severely limits the service life of fiber filters used in ventilation applications, or necessitates frequent regeneration of industrial dust collectors, which often proves ineffective. Solutions to this problem are therefore proposed. Finally, alternative solutions to fiber filters currently under development are presented.
At the end of the article, a glossary lists important terms and expressions used in the article.
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KEYWORDS
aerosol | fibrous media | gas/particle separation | clogging
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Nanoparticle filtration
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Appareils de protection respiratoire ; Demi-masques filtrants contre les particules : Exigences, essais, marquage - NF EN 149+A1 - 2009
- Respiratory protection devices – Recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance – Guide. - NF EN 529 - 2006
- Respiratory protection devices – Compressed gases for self-contained breathing apparatus. - NF EN 12021 - 2014
- Filtres à air à haute efficacité...
Regulations
Nanomaterials – Definitions, toxicological risks, characterization of occupational exposure and prevention measures, ED 6050, INRS, Paris, September 2012, 48 p.
INRS website
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
French Society for Fluid-Particle Separations (SF2P)
French Aerosol Research and Study Association (ASFERA)
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