7. Coding
7.1 The need for coding
Group 3 and Group 4 fax machines cut images into lines and pixels.
Analyzed at the typical resolution of 8 dots/mm x 7.7 lines/mm, and without halftones, an A4 page represents 500 kilobytes, or a transmission time of 7 minutes for a standard fax machine, at 9600 bit/s, which is prohibitive.
A classic image is highly redundant (uniform areas, lines, etc.).
The coder's role is to exploit this redundancy to significantly reduce the volume of information to be transmitted. The compression ratio achieved, i.e. the ratio between the size of the original document and that of the coded document, is one of the performance criteria for coding algorithms. A second factor to take into account is the...
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Coding
Bibliography
Reference
Standards bodies
Union International de Télécommunication (UIT) (International Telecommunication Union) http://www.itu.int/home/index-fr.html
French Standards Agency (AFNOR) http://www.afnor.fr/
European Telecommunications Standards Institute...
Websites
Sites where norms and standards can be obtained :
AFNOR http://www.afnor.fr
ETSI http://www.etsi.org
ISO...
Standards and norms
(Any comments are italicized in brackets).
International Standard Institute (ISO)
- Technologies de l'information. Jeux de caractères graphiques codés sur un seul octet. Partie 1 : alphabet latin n 1 - ISO/IEC 8859-1 - 1998
- Technologies de l'information. Représentation codée des images et du son. Compression progressive des images en deux tons - ISO/IEC 11544 - 1993
- Technologies...
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