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1. Principle of switched-capacitor circuits
1.1 Simulating a resistor with a capacitor and two switches
In MOS integrated technology, we know how to make good operational amplifiers, fairly accurate capacitors (better than 10%) and analog gates, but we don't know how to make the inductors and resistors needed to synthesize analog filters. Feasible inductances have very low values (in the nanohenry range). Resistors are not very precise and have insufficient dynamic range if they are made by diffusion or in polysilicon, or, if they are made in the form of MOS channels, they are highly non-linear as a function of the voltage applied to their terminals.
The basic idea behind switched-capacitor filters is to replace resistors with a circuit comprising only capacitors and switches alternately opened and closed...
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Principle of switched-capacitor circuits
Bibliography
Basic works
Analysis software
A number of analysis software packages are available, based on the principles of nodal analysis, to which refinements have been added to reduce calculation times and introduce the imperfections of active elements. Comparative analyses are available at
Examples of catalogued tours
Several manufacturers offer switched-capacitor biquadratic cells in the form of cataloged circuits. The best-known are the MF10 and LMF100 (National Semiconductor), containing two second-order biquadratic cells in a 20-pin package (DIP package) ...
Manufacturers
(non-exhaustive list)
Linear Technology
Maxim
National Semiconductor
Texas Instruments
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference