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1. Electrostatic discharges
1.1 Electrostatic charge generation
To understand electrostatic phenomena, we can look at the constitution of the atom as described in Bohr's model: a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, around which electrons gravitate in several energy layers or bands. The electric charges carried by protons and electrons are identical in absolute value and opposite in sign. An atom can give up or acquire electrons under the effect of an external stimulus (mechanical, chemical, electrical, etc.) and thus...
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Electrostatic discharges
Preventive measures against electrostatic discharges
Bibliography
- (1) - HERNIK (Y.) - Examen des types de résistances vis-à-vis de leur comportement aux DES. - Vishay Precision Group (2010). http://www.interferencetechnology.com/how-smaller-form-factors-exacerbate-esd-risks-and-how-foil-resistors-can-help/...
Events
International ESD Workshop (IEW) organized annually by ESDA (USA) https://www.esda.org/index.php/events/iew/
EOS/ESD Symposium organized annually by ESDA (USA) https://www.esda.org/events/eosesd-symposia/symposia/
...Standards and norms
- Électrostatique. Norme française (NF) dérivée de la norme européenne (EN), elle-même dérivée de la norme internationale IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). Elle comprend 5 parties. On se reportera en particulier aux parties suivantes : - NF EN 61340 -
• Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices against electrostatic phenomena – General requirements. January 2008.
...
Regulations
Existing regulations cover the risks of explosion and/or fire that can be caused by electrostatic discharges in certain industrial environments. See European Directive 94/9/EC or ATEX 137 (for explosive atmospheres) for equipment and 1999/92/EC or ATEX 100A for worker safety.
Patents
The Institut national de la propriété intellectuelle (INPI) makes data relating to trademarks, patents, designs and models available to all on request, electronically or on computer media, for re-use (in accordance with a decree that came into force on 1 er October 2014). https://www.inpi.fr/
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Eurostat group: manufacture and distribution of ESD products, training. http://www.eurostatgroup.com
Meech: manufacture and distribution of ESD products. http://www.meech.com
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Statistical and economic data
It is estimated that at least 60% of faults encountered in the electronics industry are due to electrical overload (EOS: Electrical Over Stress) or electrostatic discharge (ESD), and in this case 70% of faults are due to ungrounded personnel. Personnel are becoming increasingly aware of the ESD risk, but at the same time, the evolution of technology (continuous reduction in the size of electronic components)...
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