4. Coordinated HV voltage regulation at the source substation under experimentation

Coordinated voltage regulation breaks down as follows:

• estimation of voltages at all HV network nodes by a centralized state estimator (located at the regional control agency) based on actual measurements provided by sensors positioned at specific network nodes, telemetry of HV feeders at the source substation and pseudo-measurements calculated from a consumer load model;

• Determining the voltage setpoints to be applied to the voltage regulators at each source substation transformer so as to bring the voltages at all nodes of the MV network within the permissible voltage limits;

• transmission of voltage instructions to the source substation.

Dynamic adjustment of the setpoint voltage resolves the constraints, as illustrated in figures...