2. Silicon carbide and spark gap arresters
At a much higher cost [in HTA (20 kV) ratio of around 3 and in HTB (400 kV) ratio of 100], the lightning arrester avoids most of the disadvantages inherent in the spark gap principle.
Its advantages over the spark gap are :
a much narrower spread of ignition voltage;
spontaneous arc extinction;
a residual voltage at the arrester's terminals that is non-zero after triggering, thus preventing the transmission of a cut-off voltage wave;
insensitivity (up to a point) to external aggressions.
2.1 Medium-voltage surge arrester
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Electricity networks and applications
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Silicon carbide and spark gap arresters
Zinc oxide arresters
Documentation sources
References
Standards
France
French Standards Association (AFNOR) http://www.boutique.afnor.org
- Surge arresters. 1re part: variable-resistance surge arresters with spark gaps for AC networks (classification index: C 65-100). - NF EN 60099-1 - 08-94
- Parafoudres. Partie 4 : parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur pour réseaux à courant...
Manufacturers. Suppliers
These lists do not take into account market volumes and are not exhaustive.
HTA ZnO arresters with synthetic enclosure
ABB SA http://www.abb.com
DERVASIL SA http://www.sicame.com
MacLean Power Systems...
Events
CIGRE, International Council on Large Electric Systems, groups B2 (overhead lines) and B3 (substations), general session every 2 years in Paris + specialized symposia organized by the working groups
ISH, International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, an academic conference held every 2 years, alternating with the CIGRE general session.
SEE, Société des Électriciens et Électroniciens,...
Tools
Software
EMTP-RV, software for modeling the transient behavior of power systems http://www.emtp.com
FLUX2D, 2D finite element code for electrostatic, dielectric and thermal modeling http://www.cedrat-groupe.com
COULOMB: 3D finite-element...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
