7. Choice of surge arresters
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The choice of protective device, spark gap or lightning arrester, can be made on the basis of the following criteria:
economical, as the spark gap is less expensive than the surge arrester;
technique, as the spark gap causes an interruption in service and presents a wide dispersion of firing conditions (thus providing less effective protection).
Then it all depends on the type of network and the insulation level of the various equipment to be protected.
The problem of choosing between a silicon carbide arrester with spark gaps or a zinc oxide arrester hardly arises at all, since zinc oxide arresters have rapidly replaced their silicon carbide counterparts with spark gaps, especially for high...
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Choice of surge arresters
Documentation sources
References
Standards
France
French Standards Association (AFNOR) http://www.boutique.afnor.org
- Surge arresters. 1re part: variable-resistance surge arresters with spark gaps for AC networks (classification index: C 65-100). - NF EN 60099-1 - 08-94
- Parafoudres. Partie 4 : parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur pour réseaux à courant...
Manufacturers. Suppliers
These lists do not take into account market volumes and are not exhaustive.
HTA ZnO arresters with synthetic enclosure
ABB SA http://www.abb.com
DERVASIL SA http://www.sicame.com
MacLean Power Systems...
Events
CIGRE, International Council on Large Electric Systems, groups B2 (overhead lines) and B3 (substations), general session every 2 years in Paris + specialized symposia organized by the working groups
ISH, International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, an academic conference held every 2 years, alternating with the CIGRE general session.
SEE, Société des Électriciens et Électroniciens,...
Tools
Software
EMTP-RV, software for modeling the transient behavior of power systems http://www.emtp.com
FLUX2D, 2D finite element code for electrostatic, dielectric and thermal modeling http://www.cedrat-groupe.com
COULOMB: 3D finite-element...
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