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ABSTRACT
In a bridge, one can consider, on the one hand, the structure of the work and, on the other, the equipment, bearing devices and protective elements. In order to ensure the transportation service and users safety, it is necessary and obligatory to assess its various components. This pieces of equipment require special attention as their lifetime is generally much shorter than that of the bridge as a whole. They age, wear out or deteriorate; they must therefore be restored or replaced periodically. This article presents the main disorders that impact these elements such as corrosion, rupture or avulsion as well as their consequences on the performance and safety of the structure.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Daniel POINEAU: Ingénieur divisionnaire des Travaux Publics de l'Etat – Former Technical Director of Sétra's Major Structures Division - Professor at the École nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État, the École spéciale des Travaux Publics and the École supérieure des ingénieurs des Travaux de la construction - Consultant
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Jean-Armand CALGARO: Engineer General of Ponts et Chaussées - Permanent member of the Conseil général de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable (General Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development) - Professor at the Centre des Hautes Études de la Construction - This edition is an update of Roger LACROIX and Jean-Armand CALGARO's 1999 article Pathologie et évaluation des ponts existants.
INTRODUCTION
This dossier deals with the special case of equipment, support devices and protective elements.
Traditionally, the latter, such as the waterproofing screed, were included in equipment. The ITSEOA (Instruction Technique relative à la Surveillance et à l'Entretien des Ouvrages d'Art) of October 19, 1979, amended on December 26, 1995, changed this classification to take account of the role played by these various elements, as well as the responsibilities and guarantees they entail. Thus, by definition :
the structure is the set of constituent parts of a bridge that receives loads and transmits them to the foundation soil. The bearings, which transmit the loads from the deck to the supports, are therefore part of the structure and are covered by the ten-year warranty;
Protective elements include all ancillary devices designed to protect the structure against various aggressive agents (waterproofing, riprap, riprap, etc.). The waterproofing screed is subject to a specific warranty period (cf. title I of fascicule 67 of the CCTG);
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equipment are devices added for :
user comfort and safety (expansion joints, restraint systems, etc.),
surveillance and maintenance (inspection walkway, cage ladder, etc.),
aesthetics (cornices, etc.).
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Pathology and assessment of existing bridges
Equipment, support devices and protective elements
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Actions on structures – Part 1-1: general actions – Weights by volume – Own weights – Building operating expenses. - NF EN 1991-1-1 Eurocode 1 : -
- Actions on structures – Part 2: Actions on bridges due to traffic (March 2004) and national application document (March 2008). - NF EN 1991-2 et NF EN 1991-2/NA Eurocode 1 : -
- Actions on structures – Part 1-5: general actions – Thermal Actions (March 2004)...
Regulations
Highway code.
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