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1. Origins and consequences
Bridges are subject to a wide range of disorders, of varying degrees of severity, and for a variety of reasons. The following inventory is by no means exhaustive. It merely provides a classification of the most frequently observed disorders, to facilitate the presentation of methods for characterizing and then treating them.
The presence of unusual deformations or cracks is often the tangible manifestation of damage, whether to reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete or metal bridges (fatigue cracks).
Caution. Some cracks may appear benign to the naked eye, but precise measurement of their movement can reveal a serious structural weakness.
Moreover, some structures can be damaged long before any obvious signs appear (e.g. concrete attacked by alkali-reaction AR
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Origins and consequences
Material degradation
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Actions on structures – Part 1-1: general actions – Weights by volume – Own weights – Building operating expenses. - NF EN 1991-1-1 Eurocode 1 : -
- Actions on structures – Part 2: Actions on bridges due to traffic (March 2004) and national application document (March 2008). - NF EN 1991-2 et NF EN 1991-2/NA Eurocode 1 : -
- Actions on structures – Part 1-5: general actions – Thermal Actions (March 2004)...
Regulations
Highway code.
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