1. Sludge problems

All treatment processes produce waste. This waste is collected :

Pre-treatment: screenings, waste from degreasing and grit removal;
primary, secondary and tertiary decanters: sludge.

In terms of both volume and nuisance, sludge is the main waste to be treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Indeed, the water laws promulgated by European parliaments and expressed in French law by Decree no. 94-469 of June 3, 1994 (and supported by Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, which established a framework for Community action in the field of water policy) result simultaneously in a densification of water treatment and a high level of purification (see Regulations [Doc. C 5 221]...

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Sludge problems

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page Sludge treatment

Main treatment routes

Bibliography

General works

BECHAC (J.-P.), BOUTIN (P.), MERCIER (B.), NUER (P.) - Traitement des eaux usées. - Eyrolles (1987).
Degrémont - Mémento technique de l'eau. - 10e éd., 2 vol., Lavoisier (2005).
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Regulations

Décret n° 94-469 du 3 juin 1994 relatif à la collecte et au traitement des eaux usées mentionnées aux articles L. 372-1-1 et L. 372-3 du code des communes [NOR : ENVE9420024D] (JORF n° 131 du 8 juin 1994, page 8).

Décret n° 97-1133 du 8 décembre 1997 relatif à l'épandage des boues issues du traitement des eaux usées [NOR : ATEE9750078D] (JORF n° 286 du 10 décembre 1997, page 17822).

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Standards and norms

Wastewater treatment plants – Part 8: Sludge storage and treatment (classification index: P16-700-8) - NF EN 12255-8 - 2001
Sludge characterization – Sedimentation properties – Part 2: Determination of thickenability (classification index: X33-027-2) - NF EN 14702-2 - 2006
Sludge characterization – Enumeration and viability of helminth parasite eggs – Method using a triple flotation technique (classification...