8. Pipes and ducts
Large drinking water distribution mains can be made of reinforced cement, steel (which can be welded), cast iron, PVC or stoneware.
Numerous joint systems are available:
bead and socket joints, formerly sealed with semi-rigid lead;
flange gaskets ;
ring or sleeve seals with a compressed rubber gasket ;
flexible seals (e.g. Gibault type), sealed by a rubber ring;
joints sealed with flexible elastomeric sealants (polyurethane, polysulphide, etc.);
joints sealed with rigid epoxy sealants.
Of course, all products and materials in contact with drinking water must be safe for the consumer, and specific tests are available....
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Pipes and ducts
Bibliography
Books
Technical organizations
Certification bodies, professional laboratories
CEBTP Centre expérimental du bâtiment et des travaux publics (Experimental Center for Building and Public Works)
LCPC Laboratoire central des Ponts et Chaussées
SETRA Service d'études techniques des routes et autoroutes (Road and freeway engineering department)
AFNOR Association française...
General standards
French standards
- Building work – Casing work – Part 1: Technical specifications – Part 2: special clauses (commercial reference to parts 1 and 2 of standard NF P11-221) - P11-221 - Mai 2000
- Plastic-type sealants used for watertight joint caulking – Component diffusion test - NF P85-512 - Déc. 1985
- Cement concrete pavements – Execution and control. - NF P98-170 - Avril 1992
- Pavement testing...
Standards for dams, elastomer profile joints and water stop strips
British Standards Institution
- Methods of testing Vulcanized Rubber. - BS 903-1971 -
- Determination of tensile stress-strain properties. - Part A 2 -
- Determination of Hardness. - Part A 26 -
- Water absorption. - Part A 18 -
- Determination of compression set by constant deflection. - Part A 39 -
- Accelerated ageing tests....
Manufacturers of products and equipment
Sealants and caulking products for public works and construction
Bostik Findley
Den Braven Sealant BV
Dow Corning construction
Guttaterna
Rhodia Silicones
Sika SA
...
Equipment suppliers
Concrete cutters and saws (for joint sawing)
Carat France
Carbodiam France
Tomécanic
Equipment for applying sealants (hot or cold)
Graco (pumps)
Secmer
Public works waterproofing companies
Sika SA
SNA Sté Nouvelle des Asphaltes
...
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