Overview
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ABSTRACT
This article gives an overview of the different drinking water treatment techniques used in addition to the drinking water supply infrastructure, in order to mitigate certain troublesome aspects of the water supplied (taste, hardness, etc.), for the use of water in private swimming pools or for heating water.
The principles of these techniques are presented here, along with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Jean-Marc BERLAND: Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and Techniques from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (France) - Project Manager at the International Office for Water (OiEau) - Editor's note - This article is the updated version of article C 3 840 entitled "Techniques et gestion de l'assainissement non collectif – Traitement des eaux domestiques" written by Jean-Marc BERLAND in 2012.
INTRODUCTION
According to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program report published in 2021, 99% of the population in metropolitan France will have access to safely managed water.
This means that these residents benefit from an improved source of drinking water, and have permanent access to it.
The "improved drinking water sources" category includes sources which, by virtue of their construction or active intervention, are protected from external contamination, particularly from faecal matter. These include running water in a dwelling, plot or yard, and other improved sources.
Almost all French people are connected to the public water supply network. The water supplied must meet quality criteria set by regulations.
However, special circumstances sometimes lead users to want to improve certain properties of the water they receive (taste, hardness, turbidity, etc.), or to compensate for inadequate distribution.
It is then necessary to treat the water to ensure the protection of health and equipment in the event that an individual (or a group of users) is forced to use water unfit for domestic use.
In addition, certain uses, such as swimming pools and water used for heating, require special treatment.
Our aim is to present the techniques used for these types of water treatment in a home or small community, and to show the technical and economic advantages and disadvantages of each.
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KEYWORDS
Drinking water | Water treatment | swimming pool | filtration | disinfection
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Bibliography
Websites
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UAE – the French union of water treatment professionals
Founded in 1969, the Union française des professionnels du traitement de l'eau is the only professional association in France that brings together all those involved in water treatment in the building industry, from single-family homes to industrial or collective buildings, whether their work involves the point of entry (POE) or the point...
Events
Batimat Reed Expositions (international construction show) is held every two years in Paris (odd-numbered years).
Standards and norms
- Water testing – Determination of total calcium and magnesium concentration – EDTA titrimetric method. - NF T90-003 - Août 1984
- Water quality – Fluoride ion assay – Potentiometric method. - NF T90-004 - Août 2002
- Water quality – Determination of soluble silicates – Molecular absorption spectrometry method. - NF T90-007 - Février 2001
- Water testing – Determination of sulfate ions – Gravimetric method....
Regulations
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European regulations
Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption.
Directive n° 2014/80/UE of 20/06/14 amending Annex II of Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration....
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