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1. Historical background
Even in the first part of the 20th century, in rural areas, the use of more or less well-designed latrines was common, if not open defecation in a discreet corner of the house was the rule.
As cities developed and modernized, the situation changed. In addition, the hygienist doctrine advocated routing dirty water out of the city, leaving it to flow by gravity. This is how the first sewers were built, collecting water from all sources: houses, roads, human activities...
The collection and treatment of wastewater only became widespread after the Second World War, with the Water Agencies playing a major role in this development from the 1970s onwards.
However, the "all-pipe" approach has reached its limits in some areas. On the one hand, the cost of connecting isolated houses and buildings can be prohibitive. Secondly,...
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Historical background
Regulations – From mistrust to strict control
Bibliography
Software tools
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VS3: online application for creating ANC design files. Tool for sanitation consultants
http://axisnet.jimdo.com/vs3-logiciel-assainissement-non-collectif/
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Geodes Autonomous Sanitation: a tool for engineering offices involved...
Websites
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Réseau CREPA – Recommendations for the safe use of urine and faeces in ecological sanitation systems SCHONNING C. and STENSTROM T.A. – 2004
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WHO: guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater – volume IV
Events
The Assises nationales de l'Assainissement non collectif take place each year in a different city.
Standards and norms
- Installation of on-site sanitation systems – Single-family homes with up to 10 main rooms. - XP DTU 64.1 – AFNOR -
- Fosses septiques préfabriquées. - EN 12566-1 + A1 – AFNOR – CEN -
- Systèmes d'infiltration dans le sol. - CEN/TS 12566-2 – AFNOR – CEN -
- Stations d'épuration des eaux usées domestiques prêtes à l'emploi et/ou assemblées sur site. - EN 12566-3 + A1 – AFNOR – CEN -
- Fosses...
Regulations
Law on water and aquatic environments (LEMA) of December 30, 2006 (consolidated version as of July 14, 2010).
Law no. 92-3 of January 3, 1992 on water.
Law n° 64-1245 of December 16, 1964 relating to the regime and distribution of water and the fight against its pollution.
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
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FNSA – Fédération nationale des syndicats de l'assainissement et de la maintenance industrielle
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(IFAA) – French manufacturers of on-site sanitation...
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