Overview
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Henri LE DOUSSAL: Engineer from École Nationale Supérieure de Céramiques Industrielles - Head of the Research Department at the Société Française de Céramique
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Marcel VOUILLEMET: Engineer from École Nationale Supérieure de Céramiques Industrielles - Head of the Fine Ceramics Department at the Société Française de Céramique
INTRODUCTION
The composition of tiles and sanitaryware uses plastic and non-plastic raw materials, mainly of natural origin such as clays, feldspars, kaolins, silica...
The various product categories are described, as well as the stages in their manufacturing technology: preparation, shaping, drying, baking, sorting and inspection, with the latest developments.
Ceramic tiles are classified and standardized according to their water absorption weight and manufacturing method. Their field of use is specified by the UPEC classification, which makes it possible to meet the requirements of their use. The different types of installation and their regulations are defined in specific specifications.
Sanitary products are also tested to French and European standards, in relation to their conditions of use and installation.
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Building ceramics
Raw materials
Standardization
Association française de normalisation (AFNOR): http://www.afnor.fr
Ceramic tiles
Basic standards
- Carreaux et dalles céramiques pour sols et murs. Définitions, classification, caractéristiques et marquage. - NF P 61‐101 (EN 87) - 11-91
- Carreaux et dalles céramiques étirés, à faible absorption d'eau E inférieure ou égale à 3 % (groupe A1). -...
Products
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