Overview
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ABSTRACT
Standards are a key element for industrial and commercial exchanges, at national or international level. Many manufacturers have understood that standardization can be an economic weapon, as standards are created by those who need them. Active participation in standards development, though attendance in standardization work, is essential for companies. Experts are involved in all phases of the development process, from the decision on the need for a new standard to the definition of the technical content. The field of refrigeration is no exception to this rule: the purpose of this article is to present the main structures at French, European and international level, as well as the relevant normative documents.
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Timothée BOUDIER: Standards project manager - Union de Normalisation de la Mécanique, Courbevoie, France
INTRODUCTION
The environment in which we evolve needs reference points, and one of these is standardization.
Standardization is the act of drafting standards and, as defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a standard is "a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, which provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, guaranteeing an optimum level of order in a given context". Standards should be based on the combined achievements of science, technology and experience, and be aimed at the optimum benefit of the community.
In Europe, the application of the status quo rule and the systematic adoption of standards ratified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) by all CEN member countries in their national collections is a powerful unifying force for existing national standards. This makes Europe the first region in the world to have a harmonized collection.
Standardization focuses on global market products, testing methods and management methods such as quality management and quality assurance.
On the whole, standardization helps economies move towards globalization:
growing importance of international trade (capital goods, consumer goods);
government efforts to harmonize national regulations (WTO, UN...).
At the local level, standardization enables :
rationalize and better manage production processes, thus generating economies of scale and productivity gains;
raise product quality thresholds;
simplify commercial relations;
access to certification (or proof of compliance with standards);
set up a quality assurance system;
to limit risks.
Standardization also enables a profession or industrial sector, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration, to develop a strategy that goes beyond the national framework. As a result, standards are of considerable economic importance to countries participating in standardization, as they promote their technology.
Today, the major players in global competition in this sector are the USA, Germany, Japan, the UK, Italy and, of course, France. The take-up of international secretariats reflects the importance attached by industry to standardization, which, unlike regulation, remains voluntary. The United States is the world...
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
heat pump | refrigerating systems | standardization works | standards development
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Industrial cooling
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Standardization in the refrigeration sector
Standards and norms
See the document Mapping ISO/TC 86 and CEN bodies.
Regulations
European directives
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC
Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 21, 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products.
Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and...
Directory
Standards bodies
Afnor – Association française de normalisation http://www.afnor.org
UNM – Union de normalisation de la mécanique http://www.unm.fr
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference