8. Refrigeration and sustainable development
Refrigeration machines alone consume 15% of the total electrical energy available in industrialized countries. But they also "consume" refrigerants, some of which have a significant impact on the planet's climate.
8.1 Action of refrigerants
Refrigerants affect the environment in two ways:
a participative and destructive action on the ozone layer, by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons), due to the presence of chlorine in their molecule. This action (to a lesser extent in the case of HCFCs) is characterized by the ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential). The production of CFCs has been banned since 1998; since then, the "ozone hole" seems to have stabilized;
a...
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Refrigeration and sustainable development
Statistical and economic data
All these data were supplied by UNICLIMA.
Air conditioning – Refrigeration
In 2007, UNICLIMA companies saw their business grow by +5.7% compared to 2006. Business is therefore growing strongly on both the domestic and export markets.
As a result, and in contrast to previous years, the industry's growth rate is very close to the average for the mechanical...
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Bibliography
Software tools (non-exhaustive list)
Thermodynamic properties of PYC refrigerants IIF Books
CDRom 2002
ClRCUlFRlGO calculation and simulation of a refrigeration plant
PYC Books JC. Concept 2004
Thermofluid Dehon
Solkane Solvay
Autospeed Logiciel de dessin sous autocad, PYC Livres, LHEUREUX...
Event
Colloques AFCE du 9 octobre 2008. Refrigerant regulation. The end of R22 and low GWP fluids. Next symposium: 15/10/2009
Standards and norms
ISO international standards
- Systèmes frigorifiques mécaniques utilisés pour le refroidissement et le chauffage. Prescriptions de sécurité - ISO 5149 -
- Compresseurs pour fluides frigorigènes. Présentation des performances - ISO 9309 -
- Sécurité et exigences environnementales des systèmes de réfrigération - TC 86/SC 1 -
- Termes et définitions - TC 86/SC 2 -
- Essais et point nominal...
Regulations
Pressure equipment regulations
In the past, it was defined by a decree of 1943, subsequently revised in 1960. As part of the harmonization of technical regulations, the European Union has issued a Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) (no. 97/23), which becomes the only rule in force in each member state; for France, the transcription is the subject of a decree and order no. 99-1046 of 13/12/1999.
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Hamon http://www.hamon.com
Heatcraft http://www.heatcrafteurope.com
Jacir http://www.cofinair.fr
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