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ABSTRACT
The mastery of energy, and its consumption costs, is essentially achieved via measurement. Measuring instruments which allow for quantifying heat exchanges are therefore the subject of significant scrutiny. Two different approaches are available in order to measure heat quantities. They have given way to two types of devices; thermal energy meters, which measure the quantity of heat released or absorbed; and heat-cost allocators, which determine a quantity whose value is relative to the demand for heating.
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Emeric MOREL: Certification engineer - Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais, Direction de la certification, Pôle certification instrumentation, Paris, France
INTRODUCTION
Energy efficiency is at the heart of the national policy of rational energy use. Measuring energy, and in particular thermal energy, is one of the keys to this efficiency. Ecological issues and the need to control consumption costs are just some of the reasons for the development of measuring instruments to quantify heat exchange.
Heat quantities can be evaluated either by considering the conditions of heat transport, or by considering the conditions of heat emission.
In the first case, the heat quantity is measured using the flow rate and enthalpy by mass of the heat transfer fluid at the inlet and outlet of the exchange circuit, using a thermal energy meter (§ 1 ).
In the second case, the evaluation of the thermal emission of heat emitters, carried out :
either from the temperature of the heat emitters, the ambient temperature or the configuration of the heat emitters;
or on the basis of the room temperature, the outside temperature and the configuration of the premises, is done by a heating cost allocator (§ 2 ).
There are therefore two types of device: heat meters, which measure the amount of heat supplied, and heat cost allocators, which determine the value of a quantity representative of the amount of heat.
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KEYWORDS
regulation | state of the art | flow metering | energy measurement | legal metrology | heat
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Heat meters – Heating cost allocators
Heat meters
Bibliography
Directory
Organizations – Associations – Federations
OIML :
WELMEC :
Bureau de la métrologie :
Standards and norms
- Compteurs d'énergie thermique. - OIML R75 - 2002
- Heat meters – Part 1: General requirements. - NF EN 1434-1 - 2007
- Heat meters – Part 2: Manufacturing specifications. - NF EN 1434-2 - 2007
- Heat meters – Part 3: Data exchange and interface. - NF EN 1434-3 - 2009
- Heat meters – Part 4: Model approval tests. - NF EN 1434-4 - 2007
- Heat meters – Part 5: Initial verification tests. -...
Regulations
Décret n° 2001-387 du 3 mai 2001 relatif au contrôle des instruments de mesure (version consolidée au 15 février 2010).
Decree no. 76-1327 of December 1976 regulating the category of measuring instruments: heat meters (JORF of January 9, 1977).
Arrêté du 29 septembre 1977 Construction, approbation de modèle, vérification primitive et utilisation des compteurs d'énergie thermique...
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