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5. Investment and operating costs
In a conventional RFU, the cost of distribution pipes represents a decisive part of the total installation cost, depending on the site's construction conditions. They can reach 25 to 40% when the RFU is installed in a new area, and 50 to 75% when it is installed in an existing urban zone .
According to the authors of the reference , and based on experience in the USA, the minimum load is 7 kW per metre of pipe added....
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Investment and operating costs
Conclusion
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Systèmes bloqués de tuyaux préisolés pour les réseaux enterrés d'eau chaude. Tuyau préisolé. Tube de service en acier. Isolation thermique en polyuréthane et protection en polyéthylène - EN 253 - 12-94
- Systèmes bloqués de tuyaux préisolés pour les réseaux enterrés d'eau chaude. Raccords préisolés. Tubes de service en acier, isolation thermique en polyuréthane et tube de protection externe en polyéthylène - EN 448...
Regulations
Law no. 83-634 of July 13, 1983 on rights and obligations... (consolidated version of March 3, 2002).
Décret n° 2000-44 du 13 janvier 2000 portant (version consolidée au 5 octobre 2007) JO n° 11 du 14 janvier 2000 page 369 NOR : FPPA9910013D.
Organizations
International organizations
ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Conditioning Engineers)
European Marketing Group, District Heating and Cooling
Energy Centre Denmark/Danish Technological Institute
IDEA (International District Energy Association)
IEA (International Energy Agency)
...
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