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1. Nuclear environment
1.1 Nuclear reactions and radiation sources
The nuclear environment is characterized by the various radiation fluxes to which the components of the installations under consideration are subjected, the effects of which must be taken into account, in addition to conventional industrial stresses (thermomechanical, environmental, etc.). Depending on the installation, the flows to be considered are photon flows, emitted during γ decay, with high penetration powers and present in all nuclear installations, electrons coming either from β decay – , or from ionizations induced by γ, and neutrons, emitted during fission, thus at the core of reactors. Other types of radiation, such as α or energetic heavy ions, may also be present.
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Nuclear environment
Effects of irradiation on materials
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Standards and norms
The construction and operation of nuclear facilities are subject to a vast array of standards and regulations, the details of which are well beyond the scope of this article. However, we would point out the existence of reference codes governing these installations in France, published by the AFCEN (Association française pour les règles de conception, de construction et de surveillance en exploitation des matériels...
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Organizations – Associations – Federations
Association française pour les règles de conception, de construction et de surveillance en exploitation des matériels des chaudières électronucléaires (AFCEN - French association for design, construction and operational monitoring of nuclear boiler equipment) http://www.afcen.com/
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