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Article | REF: BM7930 V1

Additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts by powder bed fusion

Authors: Charlotte de FORMANOIR, Stéphane GODET, Mohamed GOUNE, Sylvie BORDÈRE, Stéphane GORSSE

Publication date: July 10, 2020

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ABSTRACT

This article discusses the microstructures and mechanical behaviour of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy used in additive manufacturing, in comparison to its wrought counterparts. After a presentation of the main phase transformations within the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the relationship between process, microstructure and mechanical properties, defect formation mechanisms and post-treatment effects are described.

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AUTHORS

  • Charlotte de FORMANOIR: Postdoctoral researcher, Paul Scherrer Institut, - Villigen PSI, Switzerland

  • Stéphane GODET: Professor – Université Libre de Bruxelles, - Materials Engineering, Characterization, Synthesis and Recycling Research Center (4MAT), Brussels, Belgium

  • Mohamed GOUNE: Professor – University of Bordeaux, - Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry, - UMR 5026 (CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP), Pessac, France

  • Sylvie BORDÈRE: Research associate – CNRS, - Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry, - UMR 5026 (CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP), Pessac, France

  • Stéphane GORSSE: Associate Professor – Bordeaux INP, - Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry, - UMR 5026 (CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP), Pessac, France

 INTRODUCTION

Given the difficulty of shaping titanium and its alloys using conventional processes, additive manufacturing is increasingly emerging as an attractive alternative for the production of structures with complex geometries [BM 7 940] . Among the various additive manufacturing technologies, powder-bed melting processes [BM 7 900] offer the best dimensional accuracy. This involves manufacturing a three-dimensional part, layer by layer, by selective powder fusion. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM, or Laser Beam Melting, LBM) are currently the two most widely used technologies for additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Whatever the energy source used for melting the powder bed – electron beam or laser –, the microstructure and mechanical properties are conditioned by the thermal history. The resulting microstructure and any defects present within the material can, to a certain extent, be modified by subsequent heat treatments.

In this article, we first review the basics of titanium metallurgy, focusing on phase transformations within the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (§ 1.1 ). We then describe typical microstructures obtained at the machine output. These are compared with those generated by conventional wrought processes (§ 1.2

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KEYWORDS

additive manufacturing   |   titanium alloys

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