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3. Phenomena involved
3.1 Hydrodynamic transport in nanochannels
Fluid flows in microfluidics are already quite different from those in non-miniaturized systems: they are laminar, with high surface/volume ratios and rapid heat transfer. The transition to nanochannels amplifies these effects, and also raises new questions and phenomena: are the macroscopic laws of hydrodynamics valid in a channel some twenty nanometers deep? Two types of experiment can provide some answers.
Flows are laminar in nanofluidics, since the Reynolds number Re = ρhν /η (ρ is the density of the fluid), which depends linearly on channel size, is small in front of unity. There is therefore no turbulence, and flows are dominated by viscous forces (Poiseuille regime)....
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