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ABSTRACT
Destructive testing is needed to control the quality of welds. This is usually done when welding parameters are being set during the industrialization of a new manufacturing line, or by spot checks during manufacturing. The general destructive tests used in welding assembly are presented here. Given their destructive nature, these tests are usually supplemented by non-destructive testing, especially in quality control in production. In this paper, the various tests are described in detail together with the information they can yield. A number of examples illustrate the different techniques.
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Pascal PAILLARD: University Professor - Welding training manager - Head of the "Materials engineering and metallurgy" research team at IMN Polytech Nantes – Institut des matériaux Jean Rouxel UMR 6502 Nantes, France
INTRODUCTION
Destructive testing of welded assemblies is necessary, because even if the qualities and properties of the base metals are known, carrying out a welding operation leads to changes in the base metal(s), whose health needs to be tested following the joining operation. This is all the more necessary in the case of heterogeneous assemblies. By heterogeneous assembly, we mean :
joining of two materials of different natures: carbon-manganese steel with stainless steel, for example;
assembly of two identical materials with a third-party filler metal: e.g. hardened shielding steel with an austenitic filler metal (austenitic stainless steel);
assembly of two materials of different natures with a third filler metal: carbon-manganese steel with austenitic stainless steel with a filler metal such as austenitic-ferritic stainless steel.
Similarly, a weld between two sheets of the same material, using the same or similar filler metal, can be considered a heterogeneous assembly. In this case, the metallurgical transformations that may have taken place in the weld seam may render the assembly heterogeneous from a microstructural point of view, and therefore ultimately from a mechanical behavior point of view.
In all the above cases, the material health (presence of defects, change in mechanical properties) of the assembly must be checked, as it is well known that a welding operation always modifies the material's properties of use to some extent.
Destructive testing of welded joints is complementary to non-destructive testing of the same joints
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KEYWORDS
metallographic observations | mechanical tests
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Material processing - Assembly
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Welded metallurgical assemblies: general destructive testing
Macrographic and micrographic observations
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Metallic materials – Impact bending test on Charpy specimen – part 1: test method - NF EN ISO 148-1 - 01-11
- Destructive testing of welds on metallic materials – Reagents for macroscopic and microscopic examination - FD CR 12361 - 10-96
- Description and qualification of a welding procedure for metallic materials – Welding procedure qualification test – Part 1: arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding...
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