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ABSTRACT
The present study deals with welded or brazed joints for alloys falling within one of the following groups: cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium. A brief review of the physical and chemical properties characteristic of each group is followed by a description of their behaviour during welding or brazing. The properties of the alloys and the decision criteria for the most appropriate assembly methods are presented, taking into account the current standardization documents which specify the existing forms of these alloys, together with their metallurgical states.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Alain MICHEL: CNAM and ESSA engineer - Expert, Lecturer, Institut de Soudure Industrie, Villepinte, France - École Supérieure du Soudage et de ses Applications, Yutz, France
INTRODUCTION
This article discusses the conditions for joining various families of alloys by welding, brazing or soldering:
cast iron ;
copper and copper alloys ;
nickel and its alloys ;
titanium, zirconium and their alloys.
The specific features of each of the families studied, in terms of both their shaping and their physical and chemical properties, give them precise applications in many industrial sectors of welded mechanical engineering.
After a presentation of the physico-chemical properties required to understand the metallurgical problems posed by the weldability or brazeability of the various families, the article presents, through a functional classification, the characteristics of the alloys likely to be supplied according to the normative documents in force, and also specifies their behavior during welding or brazing. It also discusses the choice of the most appropriate joining process for homogeneous connections, as well as for heterogeneous connections, with particular reference to the various steel grades. The article also looks at the justification and conditions for post-assembly treatments. Finally, as this is an article deliberately aimed at the design of mechanical structures, it discusses, in the case of cast irons, the basis for dimensioning welded or brazed joints.
At the end of the article, readers will find a glossary and table of acronyms and symbols.
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KEYWORDS
welding | brazing | welded structures | weldability | welding processes
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
Cast iron standards :
- Cast-iron pipes and fittings, their assemblies and accessories for water drainage, buildings – Requirements, test methods and quality assurance. - NF EN 877 - Novembre 1999
- Foundry – Flake graphite cast irons. - NF EN 1561 - Décembre 2011
- Foundry – Malleable cast iron. - NF EN 1562 - Mars 2019
- Foundry – Spheroidal graphite cast irons. - NF EN 1563...
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