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Article | REF: BM5187 V3

Welded componants for machines. Materials weldability

Author: Alain MICHEL

Publication date: October 10, 2016, Review date: November 4, 2021

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ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the metallurgical problems that can adversely affect welded joints between parts made of steel or aluminium alloys. Some basic concepts of structural steel weldability are first set out. The characteristics, behaviour during welding, brittle fracture risk, and selection criteria for the various steel grades are then presented, taking into consideration the applicable norms and standards. The same approach is then used for aluminium alloys, distinguishing wrought alloys from cast alloys, whether hardened or not by thermal precipitation hardening or strain hardening.

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AUTHOR

  • Alain MICHEL: CNAM and ESSA engineer - Expert, lecturer, retired - Institut de soudure industrie, Villepinte, France - École supérieure du soudage et de ses applications, Yutz, France

 INTRODUCTION

This article looks at the problems posed by the use of welding on the various alloy grades offered by the two main categories of materials: steels and aluminium alloys.

After a brief review of the metallurgical problems posed by the application of thermal cycles to locally melt the steel, the author describes the methods used to study cooling transformations, which have led to the characterization of the behavior of steel grades during arc welding, and then presents the current codified approaches used to prevent cold cracking. By means of a functional classification of the various families of steels used in mechanical engineering, the article reviews the characteristics of steels that can be supplied in accordance with current normative documents, as well as their behavior during welding. The article also discusses the potentially brittle behavior of certain ferritic and martensitic grades, and describes simplified methods for preventing this mode of failure.

A similar approach is adopted for aluminum alloys, and selection criteria are examined for both categories. Tables summarizing the various standardized grades for steel and aluminum alloys can be found in the article "Welded mechanical parts – Grade characteristics" [BM 5 188] .

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KEYWORDS

aluminium alloys   |   welded structure   |   steels   |   weldability

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