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4. Conclusions
Precise control of clamping tension is often perceived as a secondary operation in the design of mechanical equipment, yet insufficient, excessive or heterogeneous clamping is the cause of around 30% of static failures, and poor clamping conditions are the cause of around 45% of fatigue failures.
Consequently, the tightening operation must be controlled using precise, reliable and easy-to-use measuring instruments, enabling uniform tightening on all screws/screws with a minimum of operations.
Ultrasound is one of the techniques that can be used to solve this problem. Ultrasonic clamping tensions are determined by measuring devices designed to refine the methodology for measuring the travel time (speed) of the ultrasonic wave.
This technique performs well on all screws/rods. It frequently works on raw/unground screws....
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Conclusions
Glossary
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Fastening elements – Torque/voltage tests – Amendment 1 - NF EN ISO 16047/A1 - 01-13
- Éléments de fixation. Assemblages vissés. Conception, calcul et conditions de montage - FD E 25-030 - 08-84
- Articles de boulonnerie d'usage général. Spécifications techniques. Réception. Commande. Livraison - NF E 27-005 - 10-69
- Éléments de fixation. Essais de fatigue sous charge axiale - NF E 27-009 - 10-69 ...
Patents
US8037772B2. Thread forming fasteners for ultrasonic load measurement and control.
EP787980B1. Measuring a load on a part and monitoring the integrity of the part | Belastungsmessung eines Elementes und Überwachung seiner Integrität | Mesure de la charge dans une pièce et surveillance de l'intégrité de cette pièce.
US5301574A. Hydraulic wrench and piston has rack gear meshed with...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
• The SKF Group's technical guide to clamping
http://www.skf.com/binary/12-126662/Serrage- hydraulique_10061_FR.pdf
• ULTR A-RS website
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