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4. Combined action of stress and temperature
What does temperature add to the action of stress on deformation behavior? Thermal agitation is disordered, and an isolated atom undergoes it in the form of random vibration. In a crystal, atoms are not independent, and their interactions influence the material's behavior. Thermal agitation tends a priori to assist the action of stress, but its disordered nature does not facilitate actions that require the coordinated movements of a set of atoms.
4.1 Elasticity
Elastic deformation of a crystal occurs through the progressive spreading of atoms under the action of stress, without changing their relative positions. Thermal agitation increases the average spacing and the modulus(es) of elasticity will therefore decrease with rising temperature, but this variation...
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Combined action of stress and temperature
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