3. Checking cylinder sizing

3.1 Cylinder efficiency

Like all mechanical components, cylinders have losses, and their output is not unitary. This notion, often overlooked in view of the apparent simplicity of the component, should not be ignored.

Even if there is no lateral reaction, the cylinder must overcome an internal frictional force due mainly to the action of the seals. The reasoning is the same, whatever the type of joint.

The fluid acting at A presses on the seal and, just as a car tire exerts a pressure on the ground close to its inflation pressure, the...