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ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to explain the behavior of axially loaded screw joints. A prestressed joint subjected to an external stress carried by the bolt axis is provided: prestressing, loading the joint and joining. Following, the determination of stiffness is presented, such as the distribution of constraints, the axial stiffness of the bolt or the stiffness of the assembled parts. Thermal stresses are then addressed: general expression, specific case, calculation of constraints, and so forth. The article concludes with discussions concerning the distance between two successive bolts or screws.
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Jean GUILLOT: Professor Emeritus - Toulouse National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSAT)
INTRODUCTION
The first part of this dossier deals with the behavior of pre-stressed bolted joints for which the load applied to them can be assumed to be axial.
For this type of connection, the additional force borne by the bolt is always much less than the force applied, and depends on the relative stiffnesses of the connection elements and the shape of the parts.
This phenomenon, which is characteristic of prestressed systems, is particularly interesting in the case of fatigue stresses, since, if sufficient prestressing has been installed, a judicious choice of part shape and stiffness can greatly reduce the value of the alternating stress in the screw, thus ensuring good fatigue safety.
In the second part, the latest bolt and component stiffness calculation models are presented and discussed. This is followed by the calculation of stresses due to temperature variations, as well as the problems of contact pressure distribution at the interface and the determination of the spacing between two successive bolts.
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Calculating screw connections
Prestressed assembly subjected to an external force carried by the bolt axis
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