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1. Current context
The use of wind power to supplement human or animal energy is not new. Ancestors of modern wind turbines can be traced as far back as ancient Persia. Closer to home, since the Middle Ages, certain countries have made extensive use of this type of energy through traditional windmills. Over the centuries, windmill technology has evolved, with the introduction of steerable roofs or complete pivot-mounted windmills for easier orientation to the wind, followed by the adoption of more efficient blade systems.
This form of harnessing wind power became less common with the advent of the industrial era in the late 19th century. Subsequently, small-scale systems designed mainly for pumping water appeared in Europe
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Current context
Characterization of different types of wind turbines and their uses
Bibliography
- (1) - GWEC - Global Wind Energy Council. - http://www.gwec.net
- (2) - SER - Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables. - http://www.enr.fr ...
Events
Colloque national éolien: organized annually by France Renouvelables http://www.colloque-national-eolien.fr
WindEurope Annual Event: organized by the European Wind Energy Association WindEurope http://windeurope.org/events/
...
Software tools
Turbine simulation: OpenFAST (NREL), Bladed (DNV), Hawc2 (DTU), QBlade (TU Berlin), Ashes (NTNU)...
Offshore structures and dynamics simulation: OrcaFlex (Orcina), SIMA (SINTEF), Deeplines (PRINCIPIA), SESAM (DNV), ANSYS...
Wind simulation/location/production: WAsP (DTU), WindPRO (EMD), WindFarmer (DNV), Openwind (UL), WindSim...
Directory
Standardization and certification
Bureau Véritas, France http://www.bureauveritas.fr
DNV, independent certification body http://www.dnv.fr
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