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ABSTRACT
Ultrasound has found a large number of varied applications, from their usage in order to communicate with animals (ultrasound whistle) to the synthesis of organic molecules. The sonochemistry describes the chemical and physical processes which occur in solutions due to the energy induced by ultrasound. Although this matter remains complex to analyze from a theoretical viewpoint, the understanding of the effects of ultrasound in organic chemistry is constantly improving. This article starts by listing the existing laboratory and industrial equipment. The applications of sonochemistry in organic synthesis are then reviewed. The limitations of these techniques are presented as a conclusion.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Micheline DRAYE: University Professor, University of Savoie (Chambéry) - Molecular Chemistry and Environment Laboratory
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Julien ESTAGER: Doctorate from the University of Savoie (Chambéry) - Molecular Chemistry and Environment Laboratory
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Max MALACRIA
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Jean-Philippe GODDARD
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Cyril OLLIVIER: UPMC, Univ. Paris 06, Paris Institute of Molecular Chemistry (UMR CNRS 7201)
INTRODUCTION
The term sonochemistry is used to describe the chemical and physical processes that occur in solution thanks to the energy supplied by ultrasound. These effects are linked to the phenomenon of cavitation, which corresponds to the formation and implosion of gas microbubbles in liquids under the effect of ultrasound. As they collapse, these cavitation microbubbles release large quantities of energy in the form of intense local heat, comparable to the temperature at the surface of the Sun (5,000 K), very high pressure (up to 1,000 atm), shock waves and acoustic microcurrents; each cavitation bubble can thus be considered a microreactor.
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