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2. Challenges for the reaction
2.1 Balance displacement
By coupling membrane separation to a reactor, we can increase the yield of the transformation by modifying the composition of the reaction mixture. This is the case for reactions with conversion limited by chemical equilibrium.
An example is esterification, where an alcohol and an acid are converted into an ester and water. By using a hydrophilic pervaporation membrane to continuously and selectively extract the water formed from the reaction mixture, virtually complete conversion can be achieved. This is a particular field of application for polyvinyl alcohol membranes
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