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7. Glossary
Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) (NF EN ISO 10370/95)
Standardized laboratory test used to evaluate the propensity of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce coke by combustion, which is harmful to refining operations (distillation, catalysis) because it forms solid deposits (fouling phenomenon).
De-alumination
Post-synthesis treatment of zeolite solids to adjust their acid properties (strength and number of Bronstëd acid sites). This involves extracting aluminum atoms from the framework (increasing the Si/Al ratio) by steaming or by chemical reaction with a silicic acid or precursor (e.g. ammonium fluorosilicate or silicon tetrachloride).
Bifunctional catalysis
Catalytic process involving two different catalytic functions (e.g. hydro-dehydrogenating agent + protonic acid)...
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Bibliography
Websites
Axens :
https://www.axens.net/our-offer/by-market/oil-refining.html
European Cluster on Catalysis Initiative :
http://www.catalysiscluster.eu/
F3 Factory :
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