3. Effluent treatment process

To avoid a discount when the cargo arrives at the refinery, the oil produced must meet the following specifications:

RVP (Reid Vapor Pressure) less than 0.7 bar absolute (10 psia);
Basic sediments and water (BS&W) content of less than 0.5% by volume.

Oil from several (4 to 6) wells in the same zone is collected in a subsea manifold connected to the surface facilities by a line running over the seabed and a riser. The oil is separated from the gas by successive separation stages. The gas is compressed and dried for various uses on the unit (power generation, gas compression) and dispatch of the balance (remaining gas).

In deepwater conditions, the subsea manifolds are connected to the surface by two lines...

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Architecture of an oil field

Bibliography

(1) - AIPCN - Paramètres des états de mer (supplément au bulletin n° 52. - Association internationale permanente des congrès de navigation, Bruxelles (1986).
(2) - ALLIOT (V.L.-L.) - Lessons learned from the evolution and development of multiple-lines...

Websites

ALLSEAS Entrepreneur Offshore International http://allseas.com

COLORADO CENTER FOR ASTRODYNAMIC RESEARCH. University of Colorado at Boulder, Ocean Space Observations http://www.ccar.colorado.edu

GULFBASE Gulf of Mexico data

Events

ISOPE Annual conference of the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. Around a thousand papers are presented each year. These papers are peer-reviewed. http://www.isope.org

OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, Exhibition and conference held in Houston every year during the first week of May. Over 100,000 people attended in 2014....

Standards and norms

The list below is only a very small sample, arbitrarily limited to those mentioned in the article.

Production Facilities on Offshore structures - API RP 2G - 1974
Specification for Oil and Gas Separators - API Spec 12J - 2008
Design, Construction, Operation, and maintenance of offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State design) - API RP 1111 - 2015
Standard Practice for...