7. Protection against internal exposure
Internal exposure results from the incorporation of radionuclides into the body through inhalation, ingestion or injury.
In the workplace, the most frequent risk is linked to the inhalation of radioactive gases or aerosols, the quantities of which will depend directly on the volumetric activities of the ambient air in the laboratory or workshop. Diffusion into the body will depend on particle size and shape (aerodynamic diameter), as well as on the more or less soluble chemical form.
Apart from accidental or incidental situations, direct ingestion in the workplace is rare and, on principle, not tolerable for chronic exposure, especially as pipetting is now automated. However, ingestion can occur through contaminated fingers, for example in the case of smokers or pen-suckers.
Finally, incorporation through contaminated...
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Protection against internal exposure
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Bibliography
Regulations
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Main regulatory texts
Public Health Code, Part One, Book III, Title III, Chapter III, legislative part (articles L. 1333-1 to L. 1333-20) and regulatory part (articles R. 1333-1 to R. 1333-112).
French Labor Code, Part IV, Book IV, Title V, Chapters 1 to 7 (articles R. 4451-1 to R. 4457-14).
Décret n° 2003-296 du 31 mars 2003...
Directory
Organizations-Federations-Associations
Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) http://www.irsn.org
French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) http://www.asn.fr
Software tools
Système Informatique pour l'ÉValuation de l'Exposition aux Rayonnements durant le Transport aérien (SIEVERT) (Computer system for assessing radiation exposure during air transport) http://www.sievert-system.org
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